Chapter 5: Blood and Circulation
2.57 describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
2.58 understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy
2.59 explain how adaptations of red blood cells, including shape, structure and the presence of haemoglobin, make them suitable for the transport of oxygen
2.60 describe how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and
lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen
2.61 understand that vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity
2.62 understand that platelets are involved in blood clotting, which prevents blood loss and the entry of micro-organisms
2.63 describe the structure of the heart and how it functions
2.64 explain how the heart rate changes during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline
2.65 describe the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries and understand their roles
2.66 understand the general structure of the circulation system to include the blood vessels to and from the heart, the lungs, the liver and the kidneys.
2.58 understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy
2.59 explain how adaptations of red blood cells, including shape, structure and the presence of haemoglobin, make them suitable for the transport of oxygen
2.60 describe how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and
lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen
2.61 understand that vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity
2.62 understand that platelets are involved in blood clotting, which prevents blood loss and the entry of micro-organisms
2.63 describe the structure of the heart and how it functions
2.64 explain how the heart rate changes during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline
2.65 describe the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries and understand their roles
2.66 understand the general structure of the circulation system to include the blood vessels to and from the heart, the lungs, the liver and the kidneys.
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