3 Breathing and Gas Exchange
2.44 describe the structure of the thorax, including the ribs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and pleural membranes.
2.45 understand the role of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm in ventilation .
2.46 explain how alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by diffusion between air in the lungs and blood in capillaries .
2.47 understand the biological consequences of smoking in relation to the lungs and the circulatory system, including coronary heart disease.
2.48 describe experiments to investigate the effect of exercise on breathing in humans.
2.45 understand the role of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm in ventilation .
2.46 explain how alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by diffusion between air in the lungs and blood in capillaries .
2.47 understand the biological consequences of smoking in relation to the lungs and the circulatory system, including coronary heart disease.
2.48 describe experiments to investigate the effect of exercise on breathing in humans.